Gambling involves wagering something of value on an event that is primarily chance, with the intent of winning something else of value. It has existed in virtually every society since prerecorded history and has often been incorporated into local customs and rites of passage. Gambling can have a number of positive and negative effects on individuals, families and communities. These effects can be categorized into three classes: financial, labor and health and well-being. They can be observed at the personal, interpersonal, and community/societal levels (Fig. 1).

The main reasons people gamble are to socialize, have fun, or win money. The latter may be the most important to some people, especially if they are facing a difficult financial situation. Often, the desire to win can become addictive and cause serious problems for gamblers. However, gambling can also provide an escape from stressful reality for some.

For many, the fun in gambling is derived from learning how to play casino games like blackjack and poker. This requires the user to think critically and execute a complex strategy to achieve their goals. It also helps keep the brain sharp and can be a good social activity. It is important to note, however, that some individuals have an underactive brain reward system or are genetically predisposed to thrill-seeking behaviours and impulsivity.

Regardless of the reason, there are healthier ways to deal with unpleasant feelings such as boredom or stress, such as exercising, spending time with friends who don’t gamble, taking up new hobbies, and practicing relaxation techniques. Moreover, it is important to recognize that gambling is not a suitable way to relieve stress and that it can lead to other harmful habits such as alcohol abuse and addiction.

A person’s health and well-being are impacted negatively by the temptation to gamble, as they are putting themselves at risk of developing an unhealthy relationship with money. Additionally, they are wasting valuable resources that could be used to meet family needs and advance the Kingdom of God. The biblical principle of stewardship demands that Christians invest their resources soberly and wisely, not recklessly or selfishly.

Gambling has a variety of costs and benefits, both for the individual gambler and the community/society at large. These impacts can be categorized into three classes: costs, benefits, and risks. The first class of costs includes changes in financial situations, such as debt, financial strain and inability to work. The second class of benefits are those related to the psychological and physical aspects of well-being, such as an improved sense of self-worth and self-esteem. The third class of benefits include those that are not measurable, such as improved health, a more enjoyable social experience and the possibility of winning. These benefits are often underestimated. They can be long-lasting and can even extend over generations. This makes it difficult to measure their exact impact and value. Hence, it is necessary to consider both the benefits and costs of gambling when making policy decisions.